AILA实务指南：理解USCIS处理时间信息的重大更新（SCOPS整合）
AILA Practice Guide: Understanding the Major USCIS Processing Time Update (SCOPS Consolidation)
文件编号 AILA Doc. No. 26050100 · 发布于2025年5月 · 由AILA USCIS运营委员会副主席 Jeremy Weber 起草
Reference: AILA Doc. No. 26050100 · Published May 2025 · Drafted by AILA USCIS Operations Committee Vice-Chair Jeremy Weber
📌 一句话核心总结 (TL;DR)：
USCIS已将多类申请（包括I-129工作签证和I-130亲属移民）的处理时间从按具体服务中心（如佛蒙特、德州）列示，改为统一归入"服务中心运营部（SCOPS）"。然而，收据通知、案件转移通知与处理时间页面之间严重不一致，导致申请人和律师难以准确判断H-1B、NIW国家利益豁免、EB-1A等案件是否超期及何时可以提交查询。新未名律所为大华府DMV地区华人社区深度解读AILA委员会的8条应对建议，帮助您在当前混乱的处理时间体系中有效追踪案件进度。
📌 TL;DR (English):
USCIS has consolidated processing time reporting for multiple form types (including I-129 work visas and I-130 family petitions) under a unified "Service Center Operations (SCOPS)" category instead of listing individual service centers. However, significant inconsistencies between receipt notices, case transfer notifications, and processing time pages make it difficult for applicants and attorneys to determine whether H-1B, NIW, EB-1A, and other cases are outside normal processing times. New Weiming Law Group provides an in-depth breakdown of AILA's 8 practical recommendations for the Chinese community in the Washington D.C. DMV area.
一、USCIS处理时间到底发生了什么变化？
What Exactly Changed with USCIS Processing Times?
USCIS于2025年在其官方"查询案件处理时间"网页上发布了一项关键公告，宣布以下核心变化：
In 2025, USCIS posted a critical announcement on its official "Check Case Processing Times" webpage, declaring the following key changes:
- 取消按具体服务中心列示处理时间 (Elimination of Per-Service-Center Listings)：某些表格类型的处理时间不再引用具体的服务中心位置（如"佛蒙特服务中心 Vermont Service Center"、"德州服务中心 Texas Service Center"），而是统一归类到"服务中心运营部（SCOPS, Service Center Operations）"下。
- 原因 (Rationale)：SCOPS已扩大运营能力，可根据业务需求和人员配置，在多个地点、不同时间段处理案件。因此，列出具体地点已不能准确反映案件实际处理位置。
- 通知的不一致性 (Notification Inconsistency)：虽然处理时间统一列示为SCOPS，但申请人仍可能继续收到标注具体服务中心位置的USCIS通信函件——这对正在等待H-1B、L-1、O-1签证或I-140审批（包括NIW国家利益豁免、EB-1A杰出人才、EB-2/EB-3职业移民）的申请人来说，可能造成极大混乱。
- 2023年起：USCIS开始将某些申请类型归入更广泛类别，最早体现在独立提交的I-130表格上。Since 2023, USCIS began grouping certain form types into broader categories, starting with standalone I-130 petitions.
- 2025年：USCIS正式在网页上发布公告，系统性推进SCOPS整合。In 2025, USCIS formally posted the announcement, systematically advancing SCOPS consolidation.
- 值得注意的是，AILA发现2025年1月31日之后该网页在Wayback Machine（互联网档案馆）上的更新记录被屏蔽，无法确认公告的确切发布日期。Notably, AILA discovered that Wayback Machine snapshots after January 31, 2025 were blocked, making the exact publication date unverifiable.
二、哪些表格的处理时间受到影响？
Which Forms Are Affected by This Change?
以下表格类型已被列入SCOPS统一报告，不再按具体服务中心分列处理时间。这直接影响大量在美国首都华盛顿地区工作和生活的华人申请人——无论您是通过F-1 OPT转H-1B的留学生、持J-1签证需要豁免(J-1 Waiver)的访问学者，还是正在等待PERM劳工认证或I-140审批的科研人员。
The following form types have been consolidated under SCOPS unified reporting, directly affecting many Chinese applicants working and living in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area.
| 表格类型 (Form Type) | 现有处理时间分类 (Current Classification) |
|---|---|
| I-130（独立提交，亲属移民） | 仅三类：SCOPS、国家福利中心（NBC）、所有地方办公室（All Field Offices） |
| I-129（大多数工作签证类别，含H-1B、L-1、O-1等） | 仅列SCOPS类别 |
| I-129F（未婚夫/妻签证） | 仅列SCOPS类别 |
Forms not yet consolidated still list processing times by specific service center. Whether USCIS will also consolidate I-140, I-485, and I-765 under SCOPS remains uncertain.
三、当前存在哪些实务问题？为什么让申请人困惑？
What Practical Problems Exist and Why Are Applicants Confused?
问题一：收据通知与处理时间页面严重不一致
Problem 1: Receipt Notices vs. Processing Time Page Inconsistency
实务中出现以下混乱情况，尤其影响在马里兰(Maryland)和弗吉尼亚(Virginia)提交申请的华人客户：
- 部分I-130、I-131（回美证）、I-407、I-129等表格的收据通知（I-797C）标注为"USCIS SCOPS TEXAS FACILITY"或类似名称，而非传统的具体服务中心名。Some I-797C receipts now display "USCIS SCOPS TEXAS FACILITY" instead of the traditional service center name.
- 同时，其他福利申请仍以传统方式列出具体服务中心。Other benefit applications still list specific service centers in the traditional manner.
- 这种不一致导致申请人难以在USCIS处理时间页面上找到对应项，无法准确确定特定案件的预期处理时间。
问题二：案件被秘密转移，无通知
Problem 2: Cases Transferred Without Notification
🔴 重要警示 (Critical Alert)：USCIS不总是通知申请人、请愿人或其法律代表案件已被转移至其他办公地点。这直接影响：
- 确定案件是否超出正常处理时间的判断 — 因为不同办公地点的处理时间标准可能相差悬殊。Determining whether a case is outside normal processing time — because standards vary drastically between locations.
- 案件查询日期（Inquiry Date）的计算 — 您以为可以提交催问（service request），但USCIS可能告诉您案件并未超期。Calculating the inquiry date — you may think you can submit a service request, but USCIS may respond that your case is not yet overdue.
真实案例警示：处理时间差异可达3倍以上
Real Case Alert: Processing Time Gap Can Exceed 3x
AILA委员会举出一个极具代表性的案例 (A highly representative case cited by the AILA Committee)：
- 多份I-130按SCOPS的处理时间标准显示已超期（约17.5个月）。Multiple I-130 petitions appeared overdue under SCOPS standards (~17.5 months).
- 但致电USCIS联系中心后被告知，案件已被秘密转至地方办公室（Field Office），可能需要面谈。
- USCIS从未发出任何转移通知。No transfer notice was ever issued.
- 所有涉及案件的受益人均处于递解程序（removal proceedings）中。
- 处理时间差异巨大：SCOPS标准为17.5个月 vs. 所有地方办公室为62个月！The gap was staggering: SCOPS at 17.5 months vs. All Field Offices at 62 months!
四、USCIS处理时间是如何计算的？什么时候才算"超期"？
How Does USCIS Calculate Processing Times? When Is a Case Considered "Outside Normal"?
- 处理时间计算方法 (Calculation Method)：USCIS按过去六个月内80%已裁决案件的完成时间计算，通常至少每月更新一次。USCIS calculates based on the time it took to complete 80% of adjudicated cases over the past six months, updated at least monthly.
- 超出正常处理时间的标准 (Outside Normal Processing Time Standard)：案件处理时间超过该类型福利在指定地点93%裁决案件的完成时间，才被视为超出正常处理时间，此时方可提交案件查询（service request）。A case is considered outside normal processing time only when it exceeds the completion time for 93% of adjudicated cases for that benefit type at the designated location.
这意味着对于H-1B转换雇主、NIW国家利益豁免、EB-1A杰出人才等案件，如果您的I-129或I-140被秘密转移到不同办公地点，"超期"的判定标准可能天差地别——正如前述案例中17.5个月与62个月的巨大鸿沟。
This means for H-1B employer transfers, NIW petitions, EB-1A extraordinary ability cases, and other filings, if your I-129 or I-140 is secretly transferred to a different office, the threshold for being "overdue" could differ dramatically.
五、AILA委员会的8条实务应对建议是什么？
What Are AILA Committee's 8 Practical Recommendations?
作为大华府DMV地区的靠谱华人移民律师，新未名律所为您逐条解读AILA运营委员会提供的实务指南：
As a trusted Chinese immigration law firm in the DMV area, New Weiming Law Group breaks down each recommendation from the AILA Operations Committee:
- 选择SCOPS (Select SCOPS)：如收据通知（I-797C）列出的服务中心不在处理时间工具的可选位置中，应选择SCOPS进行查询。If the service center on your I-797C receipt is not listed among available locations in the processing time tool, select SCOPS.
- NBC相关案件 (NBC-Related Cases)：如USCIS办公室标注为国家福利中心（NBC），且您提交的是就业类/亲属类I-485（调整身份）、N-400（入籍）或N-600（公民身份证明），应查看当地地方办公室的处理时间，而非NBC本身。For cases at the NBC involving I-485, N-400, or N-600, check your local field office processing time.
- 联合提交案件 (Concurrently Filed Cases)：如I-485与I-130、I-140或I-360联合提交（concurrent filing），应参考I-485的处理时间作为基准。When I-485 is concurrently filed with I-130, I-140, or I-360, use I-485 processing time as the benchmark.
- 案件转移 (Case Transfers)：如已知案件被转移到新办公地点，应适用新办公地点的处理时间——但这可能需要致电USCIS联系中心或通过律师渠道才能确认当前位置。If a case has been transferred, the new location's processing time applies — but you may need to call USCIS to confirm current location.
- I-765特殊规定 (I-765 Special Rules)：I-765（EAD工卡申请）的特定类别有专门的处理时间信息资源页，请单独参考USCIS的I-765专页。Specific I-765 categories have a dedicated processing time resource page.
- 未列出的表格 (Unlisted Forms)：如您的福利申请类型未列在处理时间网页上，案件待审超过6个月即可提交查询。注意：此6个月是默认时间框架，不应以此作为裁决预期时间。If your form type is not listed on the processing time page, you may submit an inquiry after 6 months pending.
- 加急处理排除 (Premium Processing Excluded)：Premium Processing（加急审理，适用于I-129的H-1B/L-1/O-1及部分I-140）的案件不包含在处理时间计算中。Premium Processing cases are excluded from processing time calculations.
- 案件查询日期工具 (Case Inquiry Date Tool)：USCIS处理时间页面包含案件查询日期工具，可根据收据日期（receipt date）确定是否可提交查询。如显示可以，可使用"Outside Normal Processing Time"在线服务请求工具提交催问。The processing time tool includes a case inquiry date tool that uses your receipt date to determine eligibility for a service request.
六、myProgress工具有什么限制？律师和客户如何配合？
What Are the Limitations of the myProgress Tool? How Should Attorneys and Clients Collaborate?
- 仅限个人申请人/请愿人在其myUSCIS账户中使用。Only individual applicants/petitioners can use it in their myUSCIS account.
- 仅适用于部分福利申请类型。It only applies to certain benefit types.
- 律师账户无法使用myProgress功能。Attorney accounts do not have access to myProgress.
- 建议律师要求客户提供myProgress的截图，以便在讨论案件状态时有更完整的信息。Attorneys should ask clients to provide myProgress screenshots for case status discussions.
此外，USCIS提供按财政年度的历史中位处理时间信息（historical median processing times），可用于了解长期处理趋势，在与客户讨论案件预期时提供参考。如果您正在等待NIW国家利益豁免、EB-1A杰出人才I-140审批，或I-485调整身份，这些历史数据可以帮助设定更现实的期望。
USCIS also provides historical median processing time data by fiscal year, useful for understanding long-term trends when setting client expectations for NIW, EB-1A I-140 approvals, or I-485 adjustment of status.
七、AILA的立场与倡导行动
AILA's Position and Advocacy Actions
AILA USCIS运营委员会明确呼吁：USCIS应确保每个案件的处理时间信息、办公地点和案件状态都是一致、清晰且可获取的。The AILA Committee urges USCIS to ensure that processing time information, office location, and case status for every case are consistent, clear, and accessible.
- 2023年8月：AILA向USCIS提供了关于处理时间的详细反馈和建议（AILA Doc. No. 23080803），部分原因是2022年处理时间报告变化以及持续至今的危机级处理延误。In August 2023, AILA submitted detailed feedback on processing times (AILA Doc. No. 23080803), partly due to crisis-level processing delays.
- 2024年：CIS监察官（Ombudsman）在年度报告中继续就处理时间的不一致、混乱和担忧向USCIS提供反馈（AILA Doc. No. 24070200）。In 2024, the CIS Ombudsman continued to address processing time inconsistencies in its annual report.
- 持续跟踪：AILA USCIS运营委员会将继续跟踪处理时间相关问题和运营趋势，并鼓励会员报告异常经历。AILA continues to monitor and encourages members to report anomalies.
八、关键要点总结
Key Takeaways Summary
| 方面 (Aspect) | 关键信息 (Key Information) |
|---|---|
| 核心变化 Core Change |
处理时间从按具体服务中心列示改为按SCOPS统一列示 Processing times consolidated from individual service centers to unified SCOPS |
| 主要问题 Main Issues |
收据通知与处理时间页面不一致；案件秘密转移无通知；处理时间差异巨大（17.5个月 vs. 62个月） Receipt-page mismatch; silent transfers; massive time gaps (17.5 vs. 62 months) |
| 对申请人的影响 Impact on Applicants |
难以准确判断H-1B、NIW、EB-1A等案件是否超期及何时可提交查询 Difficult to determine if cases are overdue or when to submit inquiries |
| 实务应对 Practical Response |
遵循AILA委员会8条建议操作；必要时直接联系USCIS确认案件位置；聘请经验丰富的靠谱华人移民律师全程跟踪 Follow AILA's 8 tips; contact USCIS to confirm case location; engage experienced immigration counsel |
| 深层关切 Deeper Concern |
系统性透明度不足，USCIS需改进信息一致性和通知机制 Systemic transparency deficit; USCIS must improve information consistency and notification mechanisms |
关于新未名律所 | About New Weiming Law Group
如果您身处美国首都华盛顿地区（大华府DMV地区，包括马里兰(Maryland)和弗吉尼亚(Virginia)），正在为H-1B签证、NIW国家利益豁免、EB-1A杰出人才、EB-2/EB-3职业移民、PERM劳工认证、I-140/I-485审批、L-1跨国公司调动、O-1杰出能力签证、F-1学生身份维护、J-1豁免，或RFE补件应对等移民事务寻找靠谱华人移民律师，新未名律所可以为您提供专业帮助。
If you are in the Washington D.C. DMV area (including Maryland and Virginia) and seeking a trusted Chinese immigration attorney for H-1B, NIW, EB-1A, EB-2/3, PERM, I-140/I-485, L-1, O-1, F-1, J-1 waiver, RFE response, or dual intent (双重意图 Dual Intent) matters, New Weiming Law Group is here to help.
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本文基于 AILA Doc. No. 26050100（2025年5月发布）整理，仅供参考，不构成法律建议。
This article is based on AILA Doc. No. 26050100 (published May 2025) and is for informational purposes only; it does not constitute legal advice.
