EB-5 投资移民专题EB-5 Investor Immigration

EB-5 适合有明确美国移民目标、能够证明合法资金来源，并能承担投资风险与资金占用的申请人。常见咨询人群包括留学生家庭、在美专业人士、境外企业家及有家庭移民规划的人士。EB-5 may suit applicants with a clear U.S. immigration goal who can document lawful funds and bear investment risks and the commitment of capital. Common inquiries come from student families, U.S.-based professionals, entrepreneurs abroad and families planning immigration.

是否适合申请，需要同时考虑现有身份、家庭成员、资金流动性和其他可行路径。高收入或拥有足够资金，并不意味着应直接选择 EB-5。Suitability depends on current status, family members, liquidity and other viable options. High income or sufficient capital alone does not make EB-5 the right choice.

建议依次看清五件事：总预算、资金释放条件、身份与审理时间安排、移民及本金风险、项目选择依据。Consider total cost, release of funds, immigration and processing timelines, immigration and capital risks, and the basis for selecting a project.

1. 总费用：投资款、项目管理费、政府费、律师费与其他支出分别核算。Total cost: Itemize investment capital, administration fees, government fees, legal fees and other expenses.
2. 放款时间：核对托管协议、资金释放触发条件及申请被拒后的处理方式。Release of funds: Check escrow terms, release triggers and what happens if the petition is denied.
3. 办理周期：区分 I-526E、EAD／AP、I-485 或领事程序、I-829，各阶段不能互相替代。Timeline: Distinguish I-526E, EAD / advance parole, I-485 or consular processing, and I-829. These stages are not interchangeable.
4. 风险：移民申请可能被拒，投资款也可能部分或全部损失。Risk: Immigration applications may be denied and some or all investment capital may be lost.
5. 项目选择：核实融资结构、就业证据、开发商记录与退出安排，不能只看品牌或宣传评分。Project selection: Review financing, job evidence, developer history and exit arrangements rather than relying solely on branding or marketing ratings.

EAD 是工作许可，Advance Parole（AP）是旅行许可，二者都不等于绿卡或永久居民身份。它们可能分别签发，也可能以 Combo 卡形式合并签发，因此不宜称为“小绿卡”。An EAD authorizes employment, and advance parole concerns travel. Neither is a green card or permanent resident status. They may be issued separately or together as a combo card, which should not be described as a “mini green card.”

是否需要通过 EB-5 规划身份，应结合长期移民目标与资金风险评估。OPT、符合条件的配偶工作许可等其他安排，也应一并比较。AP 不保证获准入境；出境前应评估对待审申请及原身份的影响。Evaluate EB-5 against long-term immigration goals and financial risks, alongside other options such as OPT or qualifying spousal employment authorization. Advance parole does not guarantee admission. Assess travel’s impact on pending applications and existing status before departure.

建议在移民前就与熟悉跨境业务的税务专业人士评估美国税务居民认定、全球收入及境外账户或资产申报义务。这些问题不能简单概括为“海外资产只在变现时才涉及税务”。Before immigration, consult a cross-border tax professional about U.S. tax residency, worldwide income, and foreign account or asset reporting. These obligations cannot be reduced to the idea that foreign assets matter only when sold.

房产、公司股权、赠与、信托及家庭资产结构可能需要不同安排。移民申请与税务规划应协调进行，具体税务处理由合格税务专业人士判断。Real estate, company equity, gifts, trusts and family holdings can require different arrangements. Coordinate immigration and tax planning, with qualified tax professionals advising on specific treatment.

身在美国且符合调整身份条件的申请人，在适用签证类别有可用名额、并满足 USCIS 当月递交规则时，可以考虑同时递交 I-526E 与 I-485。是否可递交还需核对个人身份、入境及其他资格情况。Applicants in the United States who qualify for adjustment of status may consider concurrent filing when a visa is available in the applicable category and USCIS filing rules for that month permit it. Individual status, entry history and other eligibility factors must also be reviewed.

境外申请人通常通过 I-526E 获批后的领事程序办理。请同时查看国务院签证公告和 USCIS 当月允许使用的递交表，不能把“保留名额”理解为始终无排期。Applicants abroad generally use consular processing after I-526E approval. Check both the Department of State Visa Bulletin and USCIS’s designated filing chart. Reserved visas do not mean a category will always have no backlog.

不能仅凭递交申请就开始工作或旅行。申请人须取得适用的工作或旅行许可，或符合其他独立授权；EAD 与 AP 的审批时间也可能不同。Filing alone does not authorize employment or travel. Applicants need the applicable authorization or another independent basis. EAD and advance parole processing times may differ.

I-485 待审、合法非移民身份及工作许可属于不同概念。F-1／OPT、H-1B、L-1 等申请人的身份衔接和出入境安排应分别评估，出境前尤其需要核对是否会影响待审 I-485。A pending I-485, lawful nonimmigrant status and work authorization are different concepts. Assess F-1/OPT, H-1B and L-1 status and travel separately, particularly whether departure could affect a pending I-485.

可以作为一种规划方式评估，但需要完整说明赠与关系、赠与人的合法资金来源，以及资金从父母到子女、再进入项目的转移路径。This may be evaluated, but the gift relationship, donor’s lawful source and complete transfer path from parents to the child and into the project must be documented.

孩子作为主申请人时，父母不能作为该 EB-5 申请的附属申请人。如果父母作为主申请人，配偶及符合条件的未婚子女可评估随行资格；子女年龄及 CSPA 年龄保护需要个案判断。Parents cannot be derivatives of their child’s EB-5 petition. If a parent is the principal applicant, an eligible spouse and unmarried children may qualify as derivatives. Child age and CSPA protection require individual analysis.

通常还需要说明资金如何合法取得，以及如何经过各个账户最终进入项目。存款余额只能反映某个时点的资金情况，不能单独展示完整的合法来源和转移路径。Usually, evidence must also explain lawful acquisition and transfers through each account into the project. A balance reflects funds at one point in time; it does not independently establish their lawful source or complete transfer path.

工资、经营所得、售房款、赠与或贷款，应按实际情况匹配收入或交易文件、税务材料、银行流水及转账记录。历史材料缺失时，应尽早评估可用的替代证据。Match employment income, business income, sale proceeds, gifts or loans with appropriate income or transaction documents, tax records, statements and transfer records. Evaluate alternative evidence early if historical documents are missing.

不是。80 万美元适用于符合条件的目标就业区或基础设施项目；一般项目的投资门槛为 105 万美元。此外还可能有项目管理费、政府申请费、律师费、翻译、公证及其他费用。No. US$800,000 applies to qualifying targeted employment area or infrastructure investments; the standard threshold is US$1,050,000. Administration fees, government fees, legal fees, translation, notarization and other expenses may apply.

家庭成员人数、办理路径、是否申请工作及旅行许可、后续 I-829 服务范围，都会影响总预算。投资门槛及收费以递交时的官方规则、项目文件和服务协议为准。Family size, filing route, employment and travel authorization filings, and the scope of later I-829 services affect the budget. Official rules at filing, project documents and service agreements govern amounts and fees.

尚未完成。I-526E 获批后，申请人还需要通过 I-485 或移民签证程序取得两年有条件永久居民身份，并按适用要求办理 I-829 解除条件。No. Applicants must still obtain two-year conditional permanent residence through I-485 or immigrant visa processing, then satisfy the applicable I-829 removal of conditions requirements.

I-829 一般应在取得有条件永久居民身份满两周年前的 90 天窗口内提交。因此，准备投资时就应考虑后续就业与资金使用证据的获取。I-829 generally must be filed during the 90-day period immediately before the second anniversary of obtaining conditional residence. Plan for access to job and use-of-funds evidence when preparing the investment.

不能这样理解。项目审批、就业创造、商业经营、融资顺位与退出安排涉及不同风险。EB-5 属于风险投资，政府审批不代表为投资本金或收益提供担保。No. Project approvals, job creation, business operations, financing priority and exit arrangements involve different risks. EB-5 capital is at risk; government approval does not guarantee principal or returns.

法定投资维持要求、项目合同期限及实际回款时间是不同事项；满足某项移民要求，不等于项目立即返还本金。应逐项审阅相关文件，并结合独立财务或投资专业意见作判断。The required investment sustainment period, project contract term and actual repayment date are different. Meeting an immigration requirement does not mean capital will be returned immediately. Review each document and seek independent financial or investment advice.

这些数字只反映对应历史案件及其特定申请阶段，不是当前平均审理时间，也不是对新申请人的承诺。尤其不能把旧案件 I-829 的用时直接套用到新政 I-526E 或整个 EB-5 流程。No. These periods concern particular historical cases and stages, not current averages or promises. An older I-829 timeframe cannot be applied to a post-reform I-526E petition or the entire EB-5 process.

项目类别、签证名额、个人背景、证据完整程度、补件和政府工作量等，均可能影响时间安排。咨询时应把各阶段分别评估。Project category, visa availability, personal circumstances, completeness of evidence, evidence requests and government workload may affect timing. Evaluate each stage separately.